processor essay Essay Example

processor article Essay Example processor article Essay processor article Essay Each PC has a Central Processing Unit (CPU) this goes about as the mind of your framework. It interfaces with the Motherboard and works close by different segments handling numerous directions simultaneously between the diverse equipment and memory frameworks. Progressions in CPU innovation currently mean frameworks regularly accompany Dual Core, Triple center or Quad Core processors (on one single chip) rather than the customary one center for every chip. Presently the all out number of Cores can opening into an attachment as in the past and a solitary warmth sink and fan can hold everything to the correct temperature. Sorts of processors: Intel Pentium Dual Core Processors The Intel Pentium processors with Intel double center innovation convey extraordinary work area execution, low force upgrades, and performing various tasks for regular registering. Intel Dual Core 13 Processors Intel Core 13 double center processors furnish 4-way performing multiple tasks ability with worked in execution headroom for programming updates. Intel Dual Core 15 Processors Intel Core 15 processors convey the following degree of profitability. With Intel Turbo Boost Technology this quad-center processor with 4-way performing various tasks ability conveys additional speed at whatever point you need. Intel Dual Core 17 Processors The Intel Core 17 processors convey top tier execution for the most requesting applications. This quad-center processor highlights 8-way performing various tasks ability and extra L3 reserve. My own view is there is little contrast between utilizing the two makes and have run many steady and quick frameworks utilizing the two makes. The AMD processors do will in general run more sultry than the Intel forms, however with a reasonable fan this is effectively monitored. How processors functions: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) Figure 1: The Central Processing Unit The PC accomplishes its essential work in a piece of the machine we can't see, a control enter that changes over information contribution to data yield. This control community, called the focal preparing unit (CPL]), is a profoundly mind boggling, broad arrangement of electronic hardware that executes put away program directions. All PCs, huge and little, must have a focal handling unit. As Figure 1 shows, the focal preparing unit comprises of two sections: The control unit and the math/rationale unit. Each part has a particular capacity. BeTore we Olscuss tne control unlt ana tne arltnmetlc/loglc unlt In aetall, we have to think about information stockpiling and its relationship to the focal preparing unit. PCs se two kinds of capacity: Primary stockpiling and auxiliary stockpiling. The CPU collaborates intimately with essential stockpiling, or primary memory, alluding to it for the two directions and information. Thus this piece of the perusing will talk about memory with regards to the focal handling unit. In fact, notwithstanding, memory isn't a piece of the CPL]. Review that a PCs memory holds information just briefly, at the time the PC is executing a program. Optional capacity holds perpetual or semi-changeless information on some outer attractive or optical medium. The diskettes and CD-ROM circles that you have seen with PCs are optional capacity evices, as are hard plates. Since the physical characteristics of auxiliary stockpiling gadgets decide the manner in which information is sorted out on them, we will talk about optional stockpiling and information association together in another piece of our on-line readings. Presently let us think about the segments of the focal handling unit. 0 The Control Unit The control unit of the CPU contains hardware that utilizes electrical signs to guide the whole PC framework to do, or execute, put away program guidelines. Like a symphony head, the control unit doesn't execute program guidelines; rather, it guides different pieces of the framework to do as such. The control unit must speak with both the number juggling/rationale unit and memory. The Arithmetic/Logic Unit The number juggling/rationale unit (ALL) contains the electronic hardware that executes all math and consistent tasks. The number-crunching/rationale unit can perform four sorts of number-crunching activities, or numerical computations: expansion, deduction, increase, and division. As its name suggests, the number juggling/rationale unit additionally performs intelligent activities. A coherent activity is normally an examination. The unit can think about numbers, letters, or unique characters. The PC would then be able to make a move dependent on the consequence of the omparison. This is a significant ability. It is by contrasting that a PC is capable with tell, for example, regardless of whether there are unfilled seats on planes, whether charge-card clients have surpassed their credit cutoff points, and whether one possibility for Congress has a larger number of votes than another. Sensible tasks can test for three conditions: Equal-to condition. In a test for this condition, the number juggling/rationale unit thinks about two qualities to decide whether they are equivalent. For instance: If the quantity of tickets sold equivalents the quantity of seats in the assembly room, at that point the show is announced sold out. Not as much as condition. To test for this condition, the PC analyzes qualities to decide whether one is not exactly another. For instance: If the quantity of speeding tickets on an arlvers recoro Is less tnan tnree, tnen Insurance rates are $425; otnerwlse, tne rates are $500. More noteworthy than condition. In this sort of correlation, the PC decides whether one worth is more noteworthy than another. For instance: If the hours an individual worked for this present week are more noteworthy than 40, at that point increase each additional hour by 1. multiple times the standard time-based compensation to register extra time pay. A PC can all the while test for more than one condition. Truth be told, a rationale unit can as a rule recognize six legitimate connections: equivalent to, not exactly, more prominent than, not exactly or equivalent to, more prominent than or equivalent to, and not equivalent. The images that let you characterize the kind of examination you need the PC to perform are called social administrators. The most widely recognized social administrators are the equivalent sign(=), the not as much as image(). Registers: Temporary Storage Areas Registers are transitory capacity zones for guidelines or information. They are not a piece of memory; rather they are unique extra stockpiling areas that offer the upside of speed. Registers work under the bearing of the control unit to acknowledge, hold, and move directions or information and perform math or coherent examinations at fast. The control unit utilizes an information stockpiling register the way a storekeeper utilizes a sales register-as a brief, advantageous spot to store what is utilized in exchanges. PCs as a rule appoint uncommon jobs to specific registers, including these registers: An aggregator, which gathers the consequence of calculations. A location register, which monitors where a given guidance or bit of information is put away in memory. Every capacity area in memory is recognized by a location, Just as each house on a road has a location. A capacity register, which briefly holds information taken from or going to be sent to memory. A broadly useful register, which is utilized for a few capacities. Memory and Storage Memory is otherwise called essential stockpiling, essential memory, fundamental stockpiling, inner capacity, primary memory, and RAM (Random Access Memory); every one of these terms are utilized reciprocally by individuals in PC circles. Memory is the piece of the PC that holds information and directions for preparing. Albeit firmly connected with the entral preparing unit, memory is independent from it. Memory stores program directions or information for just as long as the program they relate to is in activity. Keeping these things in memory when the program isn't running isn't practical for three reasons: Most kinds of memory just store things while the PC is turned on; information is demolished when the machine is killed. In the event that more than one program is running on the double (regularly the case on enormous PCs and in some cases on little PCs), a solitary program can not make a case for memory. There may not be room in memory to hold the prepared information.

Model Driven Development Vs Test Driven Development Computer Science Essay

Model Driven Development Vs Test Driven Development Computer Science Essay Model driven improvement is a top-down, conventional methodology that has been around for quite a while. Test Driven Development (TDD) is a base up, new methodology as in it has gotten its incentive in the ongoing years. The focal point of MDD as the name suggests is on the models as opposed to on code that directs the advancement of programming though focal point of TDD is on the tests. There have been a few changes to MDD since the starting to manage the changing condition and complexities raised by ventures. TDD began as a piece of outrageous programming (XP) approach and has picked up ubiquity among numerous engineers as a different practice itself. Customary, hard cored MDD designers are acquainted with creating programming that appears to be progressively normal to them believing it to be an Engineering approach. TDD designers approach the issue in a very surprising point of view focusing on client perspectives on the framework. There are points of interest and weaknesses to th e two methodologies. For a great programming item that meets the objectives of the association, it is imperative to comprehend and apply the most reasonable philosophy while making certain exchange offs if vital. The best way to deal with follow relies upon a few components including the sort of association, kind of venture, and experience the engineers have. This paper is planned for clarifying Model driven and Test Driven advancement alongside contextual investigation and perceptions. 1. Model Driven Development or MDD. Model can be exactly characterized as â€Å"a portrayal of a framework from a specific viewpoint, overlooking superfluous detail with the goal that the qualities of intrigue are seen more clearly†. (Source: Patterns: Model-Driven Development Using IBM Rational Software Architect) Consider a model wherein there is a squeezing business need, for example, mechanization of specific procedures and understanding the information gathered in the business. In this circumstance a Business exists and there are individuals who are playing out certain business exercises in certain manner. These are the individuals who are considering having a device or a product item to assist them with expanding their efficiency and their usefulness. These individuals who are called Domain Experts or Subject Matter specialists or Business Experts comprehend what they need. Notwithstanding, they right now don't have any product item that will assist them with meeting their necessities. In this circumstance Domain Experts are the main impetus. They get things done with a specific goal in mind and expect the product item created for them address their issues ought to likewise get things done as such. Be that as it may, they don't have the foggiest idea how another product item will look lik e and how it will assist them with meeting their requirements. Individuals who build up this product item comprehend the necessities, yet they may miss the complexities of the ideal finished result. Building a MODEL will help ease this circumstance. A MODEL can be a chart, a liveliness or an introduction. On the off chance that the Software that must be created is extremely little or includes 1 or 2 individuals, at that point the procedure need not be so much organized, despite the fact that it makes a difference. Be that as it may, while building up a huge item which will include tens or many individuals having distinctive mastery, model will assist them with accomplishing this without any problem. Another item improvement constructing a Model is completely essential. This is comparable to a structural Engineer making a model of Building before it is really manufactured. Model Driven Development (MDD) is an approach that centers around structuring models at a theoretical level without considering the execution subtleties that direct the advancement procedure, concentrating on one piece of the framework to oversee unpredictability. Models help to investigate the issue and envision the procedure. Most generally utilized language for this reason for existing is Unified Modeling Language (UML). It builds up certain jargon and structure in order to comprehend and impart between different designers. Curios are created from the models, so the models are machine-clear, which is a significant part of MDD. MDD is additionally called as â€Å"Model Driven Engineering†. A usage of MDD is given by Object Management Group (OMG)s Model Driven Architecture (MDA). Focal point of MDA is on forward building, for example making code from demonstrating graphs. Aside from MDA, there are additionally different perspectives on MDD, for example, Domain Oriented Programming, Agile Model Driven Development, and so forth. MDA utilizes stage free model (PIM) to depict the framework usefulness as the initial step. Stage Independent Model (PIM) is a nonexclusive method of speaking to the end perspective on the item without considering any innovation or stages going to be utilized. This model just changes the Business prerequisites into a Model. This configuration doesn't contain a specific programming code however shows the end condition of the item in one of the Model improvement modes, for example, Diagrams, Flow Charts, and Animations and so on. In view of the PIM and thinking about some financial conditions or accessibility, an appropriate stage is chosen to build up the product. A model is then changed over from PIM to stage explicit model or PSM. . This contains programming code at a more elevated level. Stage is a free word in this unique situation. This can be alluded to kind of equipment, programming, working framework, programming language or mix of any of these set up. That is the reason picking a stage is identified with financial feasibility moreover. PSM can be thought of Developers model where as PIM can be suspected of Domain Experts or End clients model. UML portrayal utilizing IBMs Rational Rose can be considered as PIM. While, apparatuses like IBM WebSphere Studio and Borland Together/J are utilized for creating PSM. In these, we have CODE VIEW and MODEL VIEW. These two perspectives are synchronized together. At the point when code is changed in Code View, it is reflected in the Model View and the other way around. The models may contain fixed and variable information, business prerequisites, introduction components (structures, reports). On the off chance that one of these components transforms, they can be consolidated into the model to see the progressions that happen because of interdependencies. In light of the effects, the various depending code can be changed as needs be to oblige these changes. Models likewise depict what is known as the Gap Analysis. Models are first worked with an Ideal circumstance, yet actually the business forms and different viewpoints might be unique. In this way, the models will show the distinction between the Real Life circumstance and the End State Ideal circumstances. This will help the Business units to characterize the adjustments in Business Practices or the Developers to meet the Business needs and overcome any issues. An all around characterized Structured System Analysis and Design (SSAD) is required to create programming dependent on Models. In this procedure, the plan (Model) is taken as the premise to begin with the turn of events and as the improvement procedure is propelled, it is examined with the structure and tried against the Model and returned to meet the prerequisites. Henceforth, programming advancement utilizing MDD approach requires Domain (Business) specialists, programming designers, Team pioneers and Integration specialists. Somebody ought to likewise have the option to assume a Liaison job to comprehend the two sides of the table Business side and Software side. This individual will help every one of the master gatherings to comprehend the necessities of different gatherings and will overcome any issues. Number of emphasess in the undertaking advancement procedure will be diminished definitely if this Liaison individual has great information and is a specialist on the two sides. MDD is utilized with numerous improvement procedures, for example, cascade model, iterative model, winding model, and so forth. In MDD approach, a model assumes a significant job and structures the premise or driving system to build up a product item. Test Driven Development: Test Driven Development (TDD) began its underlying foundations in Extreme Programming (XP) approach. Later on, it turned into a famous strategy without anyone else. TDD was initially called â€Å"Test First Programming†. TDD can best be portrayed in three words as â€Å"Red-Green-Refactor† (source: Kent Beck). Straightforward pith of TDD is to compose tests before the code is composed. In the first place, unit tests are composed from the necessities. These tests will fall flat on the grounds that the code for it has not been composed. So as to compose the tests, it is essential for the designer to comprehend the prerequisites well. At that point, code that executes the experiments is composed. The code that is composed ought to be simply enough with the goal that the tests pass, no more, no less. This implies no forecast about the future story must be made. Test driven methodology is â€Å"then there† approach. This implies code is composed around then from the c lient story prerequisites without making any presumptions or forecasts about future. In the wake of composing the code, the tests are run and checked whether they succeed. In the event that they do, at that point software engineer can be guaranteed that the necessities were met. After this, a procedure called refactoring is finished. This alludes to improving the nature of code and evacuating any duplication in the code. On the off chance that the plan is improved, the engineer can be certain he isn't breaking any usefulness by running the tests once more. This procedure is rehashed for the experiments that follow. This procedure is appeared as a flowchart beneath: Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development There are various issues to consider in this procedure. Experiments are composed making little strides one after another, for example, usage of one strategy. It is critical to know the size of the experiment and when the experiment surpasses its constraint of usefulness to test. An experiment contains the accompanying: condition that indicates the frameworks express, an occasion that will be tried, lastly frameworks state after the occasion has happened. Pretty much every language has related apparatuses for composing these tests. By and large, they are XUnit tests accessible for every language. For instance,

Word Counter Details Options

Word Counter Details Options If you came to Word Counter to find out how many words happened to be in a piece youd written, youve likely noticed we offer a lot more information than just word count. While we started out primarily as a simple way for you to be able to count the number of words you had written, weve added a number of other Details to the counter over time. Currently, Word Counter offers 10 different Details areas located on the top right sidebar which can help you better understand your writing. The 10 Details options include the following: Words: This tells you how many words you have written. Unique Words: This tells you the number of unique words you have written. In the previous sentence, 11 words were written, but only 10 unique words were written because the word you was written twice. Characters: This tells you the number of character spots which have been used including the blank spaces between words when writing. Characters (no spaces): This tells you the number of characters youve written not counting the blank spaces between words. Sentences: This tells you the number of sentences youve written. Avg. Sentence (words): This tells you the average word length of all the sentences youve written. For example, if you write two sentences and one is 10 words and the other is 8 words, the average sentence length would be 9 words. Avg. Sentence (chars): This tells you the average number of characters in each sentence. This calculation includes the blank spaces between the words. Paragraphs: This tells you the number of paragraphs youve written. Reading Level: Reading level gives an approximation of what grade level the person reading your writing would need to have completed to understand what you have written. You can get a better understanding of reading level here. Reading Time: Reading time gives you an estimate of how long it would take for you to read what you have written. This is based on the average reading speed of 275 words per minute. Theres a good chance that you arent currently seeing all of the above-mentioned Details in your sidebar. Thats because only six are turned on by default when you visit the site. The default Details shown are Words, Characters, Sentences, Paragraphs, Reading Level, and Reading Time. The other four (Unique Words, Characters no spaces, Average Sentence words, and Average Sentence characters) have to be turned on for you to see them. In order to see all of the above 10 metrics displayed, you can click the Options button (at the bottom right of Word Counter writing area). Once in Options, you can then choose Details at the top. This will show all of the above-mentioned Details options and allow you to turn off or on the different options. In this way, you can customize the Details you want to be displayed exactly as you desire in the top right sidebar. We are always looking to improve all parts of Word Counter. If you have suggestions on other Details you think would be valuable to you as a writer to display, please contact us with your suggestions or leave a comment below. many of the Details we display came from writers like you who suggested we add them.

Childbirth Is A Celebrated Miracle Of Life - 1223 Words

Childbirth is a celebrated miracle of life. A moment in time, mothers and fathers remember forever. In the early nineteen hundreds, a mother’s main responsibility was staying home and caring for the children. On the other hand, fathers would work to provide food for his family. The passing of time yielded these gender personas obsolete. In numerous situations the woman earns the primary household income. Furthermore, these transformations have culminated with fathers taking paternity leave. As my thesis, I plan to illustrate the overall benefits associated with fathers taking paternity leave, and why it should be treated with equal precedence as maternity leave. During the first several weeks following childbirth, an infant requires continuous attention. For this reason, women are provided on average twelve weeks of maternity leave. What about a father? Even though a father does not physically go through labor and the emotional roller-coaster, fathers play a valuable and indis pensable role throughout pregnancy. Typically after childbirth a father continues to work. Additionally, he tends to the needs of his wife and child. This begs the question should a father be allotted the same treatment as a mother and obtain paternity leave. Protagonists of fathers gaining paternity leave argue that leave for fathers would lead them to be more involved in the child’s care in the future, and in time become the child’s primary care giver. Paternity leave can enhance aShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of The Chicago Maternity Center2383 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"If a sweeping pestilence struck down as many women in a community as are taken in childbirth we would immediately be aroused,† claimed Beatrice E. Tucker, Director and Associate Obstetrician of The Chicago Maternity Center. Beatrice was determined to helped needed women, in a needed community, in Chicago. (Tucker, Beatrice E., and Harry B. Benaron, 1) The Chicago Maternity Center was founded i n 1895, by Dr. Joseph DeLee. However, it was led and directed by Dr. Beatrice Tucker, accompanied by herRead More The Red Tent - An Unforgettable Testimony to Women’s Strength and Power3873 Words   |  16 PagesStrength and Power The Red Tent by Anita Diamant illuminates one of the greatest testimonies to women’s strength: childbirth. On a creative level, Diamant did something extraordinary. She took a small passage from the Bible about the character Dinah, and made her story into an unforgettable testimony to women’s strength and power. Overlooking women’s role in Biblical life is easy because there is practically nothing written by or about women. Even though Diamant’s story is fictionalized, thereRead MoreChristianity vs. Judaism Analysis1669 Words   |  7 Pagesmankind because he took part of their humanity. Christians also believe that Jesus is Adam’s descendant, they call this the â€Å"The Last Adam†. 1 Corinthians 15:45 states â€Å"Thus it is written, ‘The first man Adam became a living being; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.’† .The belief of Jesus Christ being â€Å"The Last Adam† gives the Christians the idea that Jesus was a relative to all humans of all races. The second condition to fill-in for human suffering is; He must be fully divine. For an unearthlyRead MoreRoman Religion : Ancient Religion3334 Words   |  14 Pagesprecisely and correctly to at least placate at best, enlist help from those powers. Roman religion is set in stone as originating in the year 753BC, along with the foundation of Rome itself on 21st April, 753BC. On that day each year, the Romans celebrated the traditional festival of the Parilia (the festival was aimed at cleansing both shepherds and sheep), in honour of the god/goddess of the shepherds and sheep. The legend of the founding by Romulus explains how Numitor of Alba Longa, the localRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 Pagesand a little girl being invited to enjoy a â€Å"magic vacation† at the kingdom where â€Å"all dreams come true.† Six new attractions were added in 1994, including the Temple of Peril, Storybook Land, and the Nautilus attraction. Donald Duck’s birthday was celebrated on June 9—all in hopes of positioning EuroDisney as the number 1 European destination of short duration, one to three days. Faced with falling share prices and crisis talk among shareholders, Disney w as forced to step forward in late 1993 to rescueRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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And then came Christmas break. We went to Ã…re and I rented a snowmobile. Whenever life stands still, I want action. I always drive like a maniac. I ve gone 325 km/hr in my Porsche Turbo, leaving chasing Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSkills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce Diversity 10 The Workforce Today 10 DID YOU KNOW?: Chief Diversity Officer 11 How Diversity Affects HRM 11 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Diversity Awareness 12 What Is a Work/Life Balance? 12 DID YOU

Arithmetic

Organizational Ethics Essay - 1808 Words

Introduction Organizations and companies often face difficult ethical and moral issues that affect the overall well-being of the company. Making the right or wrong decision can cause companies to be either successful or failures. Leaders and managers have an obligation to stakeholders, officers, board members, employees, and customers to make the right ethical decisions. Making the wrong decisions can affect not only the lives of the board members but can also adversely affect employees as in the case of identity theft. Issue Clarification Identity theft is a major ethical issue facing companies and organizations worldwide. Employers have access to personal employee information such as social security numbers, credit reports, background†¦show more content†¦The costs associated with safeguarding this information maybe costly, however employers must take measures to ensure that personal information is secure. According to the Sacramento Bee, a massive data security breach at the Department of Consumer Affairs last month could cost taxpayers as much as $122,000 and the department may have to spend more than that to provide identity theft protection services to the more than 5,000 employees whose information was compromised (McIntosh, para. 1 2). When dealing with government agencies information breaches such as this is not uncommon due to the amount of employees with access to this information. A couple years ago the federal government experienced a personnel information breach which affected a large amount of veterans. During the Jeb Bush administration, the State of Florida outsourced its personnel functions to Convergys Corporation, a Cincinnati, Ohio based company. With Florida being the fourth most populous state, this was an enormous task that cost the state more than $280 million dollars for a seven-year contract (Rosenthal para. 1). When human resource management functions are outsourced the probability for a breach in information is likely because in most situations the information is given to several individuals who usually work in a call center. In most situations call center employees earnShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Ethics697 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Ethics Jessie Banks ETH/316 October 27, 2014 Mario Madrid Organizational Ethics Business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues are part of organizational ethics. These ethics are often guided by the law; most business uses ethics in order to be accepted by the public or to have a successful business. Ethical principles can address organizational issues which help the organization to follow good practices within their organization or company. I amRead MoreThe Ethics And Organizational Communications1448 Words   |  6 Pages The study of Ethics and organizational communications has been an ongoing subject. It has been introduced as a way to be a more effective communicator, especially pertaining to an organization. It is a practical way to improve morale between an employer to his employee as well as a client to an organization. Resolution of ethical behaviors and practices are essential to any organization. The following study of Ethics and organizational communications has been studied and explored by other scholarsRead MoreWhat Is Organizational Ethics?847 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Organizational Ethics? According to managementstudyguide.com, organizational ethics is the way an organization should respond to the external environment. Organization ethics includes various guidelines and principles which decide the way individuals should behave at the workplace. It also refers to the code of conduct of the individuals working in a particular organization. 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By exploring these different areas in a business context, we can overall have a better understanding of why individuals choose to behave a certain way when on the job. For ethical decision-making, I will explore the steps involved in the decision-making process and what internal factors of an individual cause he or she to make an ethical or unethical choice. In terms of conflict managementRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On The Ethics Of Organizational Communications1213 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the effects of technology on the ethics of organizational communications. How have the internet, e-mail, social media, etc., changed the landscape and associated practices and strategies? Technology moves at a pace that can easily outrun ethical standards surrounding its use. Sometimes it is very easy to outrun the ethical side of the communication process. This has led to courtroom battles, quick job terminations and complaints filed with the National Labor Relations Board. ThereRead MoreCorporate Leaders Are Responsible for Organizational Ethics1098 Words   |  4 Pages(1) It is important that an organization have values. And the role of any leader should be to establish and enforce these values. Corporate Leaders are responsible for organizational ethics. In Sims Brinkman (2002), according to a report from the Business Roundtable, leadership is crucial to organizational ethics and to achieve these results the CEO and other leaders need to be openly and strongly committed to ethical conduct. They do this by giving constant leadership and renewing the valuesRead MoreOrganizational Ethics Issue Resolution Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Ethics Issue Resolution Organizations are always being faced with ethical dilemmas and situations that affect their decision-making. For businesses to be successful, they need to be able to resolve ethical issues that may arise in the workplace. Resolving ethical issues within an organization takes time, communication, and implementation. Managers have to communicate to other employees what is expected of them of how they should react in an ethical situation. When managersRead MoreOrganizational Business Ethics Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhen conducting a business proposition whether locally or in another country ethics will always have an impact on the decision to be made, ethics makes up the majority of how individuals feel about whether or not they are willing to accept or reject the decisions to do business. As we discuss the ethical perspectives or business ethics of a foreign country it will show how and what is the difference. 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Research and Development Activities Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research and Development Activities. Answer: Introduction Research and development is defined as the activities undertaken by the firms and the industries in order to foster and improve its existing products and services range. This also helps the organisations to introduce newer products in its portfolio as well. Presently the need for investment in the research and development sector has received significant attention from the researchers and the policymakers (Appel et al., 2016). This is because a wide range of empirical studies suggest that investment in research and development helps to achieve economic growth. The theorists who put forward the new growth theory have argued regarding the fact that contributing in the research and development activities would certainly help the organization in long term value creation. In a research report published by OECD pointed out the fact that a one percent increase in the research and development stock would contribute towards increasing the growth of multifactor productivity by 0.13 percent (Bec her et al., 2017). Henceforth, it can also be said that investment in the research and development activities is not only important from the aspect of the overall development of the country but also helps in long term survival and growth of the organizations a well. This paper will focus on determining the key factors that contribute in determining the research and development expenditures of the firms. As pointed out by Choi et al., (2015), organizations specifically the technology intensive industries rely more on the research and development activities in order to obtain competitive advantage and thereby foster in the competitive marketplace. However, it has been observed that firms differ in investing on research and development activities even after controlling the industry, performance ad firm size. Hypothesis development The previous researches available in this context mainly identifies the two main components ownership structure and board size as the key variables for determining the amount investments in the research and development activities. In the light of the previous research works it can be stated that ownership structure in the cornerstone of the corporate governance of an organization (Ntim et al., 2015). In various developed countries like United States and United Kingdom protecting the shareholders is considered as good, firms which are listed publicly are generally identified with a concentrated structure of ownership where it is controlled by a single and large stakeholder group. This type of stakeholders are known as the controlling owner or the controlling shareholder of the company. As the literature suggests there are two different perspective of the relationship between ownership structure and investment in the research and development activities (Meyer and Peng, 2016). In the context of the agency perspective it can be stated that in case of the family firms the conflict between the owners and managers is minimized. The researchers who have conducted research in this regard have observed that owners possess incentive in seizing or expropriating the minor stakeholders (Matzler et al., 2015). The controlling stakeholder in this case not only control determine the strategies of running the firm but also determine the process of the distribution of profit. Hence, in the agency perspective the controlling owner possesses the opportunity to exploit the entire firms profit and thereby control the amount of investment indifferent sectors. The incident of expropriation has also been substantiated by different research works. On the contrary the stewardship context suggests that unlike agency theory the owners and managers are driven by the high order needs such as the need for self-actualization, growth and achievement (Feng et al., 2018). As a result of this they promote collectivistic behavior as well. The family owners reputation and fortune are closely related to the business and hence they have strong emotional investment in the business. Therefore it is quite normal that these approach suggests that the owners are more likely to invest in the research and development activities so as to enhance their business. The second independent variable as selected on the basis of the previous research work is the board size. It has always been argued that board size can effectively determine the amount of resources needed by a firm. If the organization possesses more that one director it would certainly have a pool of information and level of expertise (Park et al., 2017). On an added notion, a larger board is more likely to possess significant linkage with the external resources which in turn increases the firms accessibility to various important resources. In order to develop and implement improved research and development activities firms are required access to skills, expertise and knowledge (berg et al., 2017). Hence a larger board size will help an organization to integrate intellectual knowledge and process valuable information as efficiently as possible and thereby cope with the higher demand of information processing. This also assists the firm in improving the efficient investment decision making process in the context of research and development (Bromiley et al., 2015). On the basis of the aforesaid discussion the developed hypothesis of this paper is as follows, The amount of investment in the research and development sector is affected by the board size and ownership structure. Methodology In order to test the hypothesis dataset has been collected from VISION. The excel file contained data regarding all the 42 publicly listed organizations in the main board of London Stock Exchange. It ranged from 2003 to 2011 and it has been observed that the data is a panel data. This means it is the combination of cross sectional and time series data. However, this specific type of panel data is categorized as the unbalanced panel, this is because it does not contain the data for all the years for all the organizations. In order to analyze this type of unbalanced panel data fixed and random effect model has been used and finally the Hausman test is used to identify which test should be accepted. Moreover, the data is analyzed in STATA. Figure 1: Fixed Effect Model (Source: Generated by STATA) The first test that is the fixed effect test depicts the result that probability of board sixe is less than 5% and hence the null hypothesis is needed to be accepted which means that the board size affects the investment on research and development. On the other hand, the other independent variable has been observed to be insignificant as the probability is observed to be higher that 5%. Figure 2: Random Effect Model (Source: Generated by STATA) In the second test that is the random effect test also the board size seems to be a significant variable as the probability is less than 5% and in this case as well the ownership structure has been observed to insignificant. Figure 3: Hausman Test (Source: Generated by STATA) In order to verify which test should we accept, Hausman test has been performed. In Hausman test the null hypothesis is that Null Hypothesis: The random effect model is true Alternative Hypothesis: The fixed effect model is true As the probability is higher than that of the 95% confidence interval the null hypothesis should be rejected and alternative hypothesis should be accepted. Hence it can be stated that the board size significantly impacts over the investment in research and development while the data suggests that ownership structure is insignificant in this case. Conclusion On a concluding note it can be stated that board size is an effective determinant of the amount investment in the research and development sector of an organisation. The secondary research substantiates the fact with a few empirical findings which suggests that if a firm possesses more than one director it is quite evident that it would possess access to more expertise, skills and connections to the external world. This in turn increases the efficiency of the decision making process of investing in the research and development segment. On the other hand, the ownership structure is found to be an insignificant variable in this particular case though other empirical findings have depicted different results. References berg, C., Bankewitz, M., Knockaert, M. and Huse, M., 2017, January. The Service Tasks of Board of Directors: A Critical Literature Review and Research Agenda. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 15508). Academy of Management. Appel, I.R., Gormley, T.A. and Keim, D.B., 2016. Passive investors, not passive owners.Journal of Financial Economics,121(1), pp.111-141. Becher, D.A., Walkling, R.A. and Wilson, J.I., 2017. Board Changes and the Director Labor Market: The Case of Mergers. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. and Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), pp.265-276. Choi, Y.R., Zahra, S.A., Yoshikawa, T. and Han, B.H., 2015. Family ownership and RD investment: The role of growth opportunities and business group membership.Journal of Business Research,68(5), pp.1053-1061. Feng, Y., Chen, H.H. and Tang, J., 2018. The Impacts of Social Responsibility and Ownership Structure on Sustainable Financial Development of Chinas Energy Industry.Sustainability,10(2), p.301. Matzler, K., Veider, V., Hautz, J. and Stadler, C., 2015. The impact of family ownership, management, and governance on innovation.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(3), pp.319-333. Meyer, K.E. and Peng, M.W., 2016. Theoretical foundations of emerging economy business research.Journal of International Business Studies,47(1), pp.3-22. Ntim, C.G., Opong, K.K. and Danbolt, J., 2015. Board size, corporate regulations and firm valuation in an emerging market: A simultaneous equation approach.International Review of Applied Economics,29(2), pp.194-220. Park, H.Y., Chae, S.J. and Cho, M.K., 2017. Controlling shareholders ownership structure, foreign investors monitoring, and investment efficiency.

African Americans in World War I

African Americans in World War I Fifty years after the end of the Civil War, the nation’s 9.8 million African Americans held a tenuous place in society. Ninety percent of African Americans lived in the South, most trapped in low-wage occupations, their daily lives shaped by restrictive â€Å"Jim Crow† laws and threats of violence. But the start of World War I in the summer of 1914 opened up new opportunities and changed American life and culture forever. â€Å"Recognizing the the significance of World War I is essential to developing a full understanding of modern African-American history and the struggle for black freedom,† argues Chad Williams, Associate Professor of African Studies at Brandeis University.      The Great Migration While the United States wouldn’t enter the conflict until 1917, the war in Europe stimulated the U.S. economy almost from the start, setting off a 44-month long period of growth, particularly in manufacturing. At the same time, immigration from Europe fell sharply, reducing the white labor pool. Combined with a boll weevil infestation that devoured millions of dollars worth of cotton crops in 1915 and other factors, thousands of African Americans across the South decided to head North. This was the start of the â€Å"Great Migration,† of more than 7 million African-Americans over the next half-century. During the World War I period, an estimated 500,000 African Americans moved out of the South, most of them heading for the cities. Between 1910-1920, the African American population of New York City grew 66%; Chicago, 148%; Philadelphia, 500%; and Detroit, 611%. As in the South, they faced discrimination and segregation in both jobs and housing in their new homes. Women, in particular, were largely relegated to the same work as domestics and childcare workers as they had at home. In some cases, tension between whites and the newcomers turned violent, as in the deadly East St Louis riots of 1917. Close Ranks African American public opinion on America’s role in the war mirrored that of white Americans: first they didn’t want to get involved in a European conflict, the quickly changing course in late 1916. When President Woodrow Wilson stood before Congress to ask for a formal declaration of war on April 2, 1917, his assertion that the world â€Å"must be made safe for democracy† resonated with African American communities as an opportunity to fight for their civil rights within the U.S. as part of a broader crusade to secure democracy for Europe. â€Å"Let us have a real democracy for the United States,† said an editorial in the Baltimore Afro-American, â€Å"and then we can advise a house-cleaning on the other side of the water.†    Some African American newspapers held that blacks shouldn’t participate in the war effort because of rampant American inequality. On the other end of the spectrum, W.E.B. DuBois wrote a powerful editorial for the NAACP’s paper, The Crisis. â€Å"Let us not hesitate. Let us, while this war lasts, forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our own white fellow citizens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy.†    Over There Most young African American men were ready and willing to prove their patriotism and their mettle. Over 1 million registered for the draft, of which 370,000 were selected for service, and more than 200,000 were shipped off to Europe. From the beginning, there were disparities in how African American servicemen were treated. They were drafted at a higher percentage. In 1917, local draft boards inducted 52% of black candidates and 32% of white candidates. Despite a push by African American leaders for integrated units, black troops remained segregated, and the vast majority of these new soldiers were used for support and labor, rather than combat. While many young soldiers were probably disappointed to spend the war as truck drivers, stevedores, and laborers, their work was vital to the American effort. The War Department did agree to train 1,200 black officers at a special camp in Des Moines, Iowa and a total of 1,350 African American officers were commissioned during the War. In the face of public pressure, the Army created two all-black combat units, the 92nd and 93rd Divisions. The 92nd Division became mired in a racial politics and other white divisions spread rumors that damaged its reputation and limited its opportunities to fight. The 93rd, however, was put under French control and didn’t suffer the same indignities. They performed well on the battlefields, with the 369th- dubbed the â€Å"Harlem Hellfighters†- winning praise for their fierce resistance to the enemy.    African American troops fought at Champagne-Marne, Meuse-Argonne, Belleau Woods, Chateau-Thierry, and other major operations. The 92nd and 93rd sustained over 5,000 casualties, including 1,000 soldiers killed in action. The 93rd included two Medal of Honor recipients, 75 Distinguished Service crosses, and 527 French â€Å"Croix du Guerre† medals. Red Summer If African American soldiers expected white gratitude for their service, they were quickly disappointed. Combined with labor unrest and paranoia over Russian-style â€Å"Bolshevism,† the fear that black soldiers had been â€Å"radicalized† overseas contributed to the bloody â€Å"Red Summer† of 1919. Deadly race riots broke out in 26 cities across the country, killing hundred. At least 88 black men were lynched in 1919- 11 of them newly-returned soldiers., some still in uniform. But World War I also inspired fresh resolve among African Americans to keeping working towards a racially-inclusive America that truly lived up to its claim to be the light of Democracy in the modern world. A new generation of leaders was born from the ideas and principles of their urban peers and exposure to France’s more equal view of race, and their work would help lay the groundwork for the Civil Rights movement later in the 20th Century.

Desmond Tutu essays

Desmond Tutu essays Archbishop Desmond Tutu was a well known and respected black church leader. He lived in South Africa. The government made it illegal for anyone to oppose it. So Archbishop Tutu called all the religious leaders in South Africa to his cathedral in Cape Town on February 29, 1988. There they linked arms and marched to government offices with the intent to deliver a letter to the Prime Minister. Met by armed riot police Archbishop Desmond Tutu was arrested and thrown in jail. Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born on October 7, 1931. He lived in Klerksdorp, a poor black township near Johannesburg. His home didnt have electricity, running water, or indoor toilets. This was a common place for black people to live in because black people were not allowed to live in the city unless they were servants. His father, Zachariah, was a respected school teacher but the Tutus still had to obey South Africas harsh unfair laws. His mother, Aletha, was a servant in a white home. Despite these conditions Desmonds home was a happy one. He was smart and did well in school which he rode to in a train where he played cards with other passengers, often cheating to get extra cash. When he was fourteen Desmond caught tuberculosis, almost died, and had to stay in the hospital for two years. While in the hospital Desmond met a white priest named Father Trevor Huddleston. Father Huddleston became very influential in Desmonds life. Father Huddleston brought many books for to the hospital for him to read. Desmond graduated from high school with honors and became one of the few blacks allowed to attend a university. Desmond Tutu wanted to be a doctor, but lacked the funds to pursue this goal. Instead, he studied to be a school teacher like his father. It was then that Tutu married his wife, Leah, who was a teacher in July 1955. Desmond became a teacher in a high school at Krugersdorp. He named his first son Trevor after father Huddleston. A ...

ANIS 1006B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ANIS 1006B - Essay Example First, he can request his wife, or the children to help him with the morning preparations, in case that is one of the reasons he gets late at work. He might be taking long cleaning his shoes or ironing his clothes before he gets to shower and do all the other preparations. To save on time, Mr. Herman can request his wife to help him prepare his clothes and shoes as he showers and makes other things ready. If he used to take 30 minutes preparing his clothes and shoes, he would be able to save the same amount of time. Hence, he will get to work on time. He can also assign duties to his children and ensure that all the preparations get completed before they go to sleep the previous night. The children can help with the duties of making sure that his clothes and shoes get prepared early enough to reduce the bulk of preparations in the morning. The second option for Mr. Herman is to find a way of taking coffee at home and avoid wasting time at Tim Hortons. It is very possible, given that Hermans wife has retired, to prepare the breakfast or a coffee at home in the morning. It will allow Mr. Herman to take a coffee at home. Hence all that time he wastes at Tim Hortons will be used to proceed to work before the school bus blocks the road. His wife is at a good place to assist him with many things in the morning as he prepares since she has retired, hence, has no much to do or anywhere to go to so early. Still, with good planning and organization, Mr. Herman can manage his time well by waking up early and do some of the preparations by himself. The main aim here is for him to complete in time so that he can avoid getting stuck behind a school bus. Lastly, Mr. Herman gets to work late due to the time he wastes chatting with his friends. To help him get to work in time, Mr. Herman can make arrangement to chat with his friends through the social media later or on the phone once he arrives at work or later in the day. On

Why Many International Students Get a Failing Grade in Academic Essay

Why Many International Students Get a Failing Grade in Academic Integrity and Plagiarism from a Cross-Cultural Perspective - Essay Example As the paper outlines, there are many causes of the plagiarism that can be categorized as intentional or unintentional.   This becomes a problem because most of those who commit plagiarism are international students which James Bradshaw and Tamara Baluja have anecdotally set the figure at over 50% that makes up about 12 percent of the total student body at U of T (2011).   This is a serious issue because plagiarism is considered as a serious infraction in Western universities that has a consequence that ranges from the reminder to expulsion. There are a number of reasons cited for committing plagiarism as well as solutions to minimize and avoid similar occurrences in the future. This paper will compare the various solutions presented to minimize plagiarism such as language tutorials, familiarization with academic expectation and taking the online quiz and from among these solutions will evaluate the most tenable option for international students. Often, plagiarism is committed by international students not because they intend to â€Å"cheat or steal one’s idea and claiming it as one’s own† but rather unintentional. This is attributed more to cultural differences rather than the blatant intention to cheat. Western students are more accustomed to their native individualist culture and language it, therefore, it is easier for them to adapt and express their own thoughts in their native language and to be critical with the paper that they are doing. This is entirely different from foreign students. First, they have to struggle with the language that they are not accustomed to and their vocabularies are often lacking. Second, there is a huge difference in the perception of among foreign students about what constitutes cheating in an academic setting. Take for example the case of Middle Eastern students as exemplified by Magied Also, an international student from Saudi Arabia and President of the International Students Association at St. Clou d State University who articulated the cultural differences of Saudi Arabian students with western students that puts them in trouble; I think people in Saudi Arabia are very close to each other and so we grow up helping each other. It’s a good thing, but it becomes a problem for Saudis in the U.S. We often get out of an exam and share questions with others and we think it’s a common thing because we grow up in a society that tells us to share things and wish the best for your friends. In Saudi Arabia, your accomplishments are not recorded by your name, but by your tribe or family. For instance, when a guy from Najran succeeds, it’s considered as a success for the whole city. In the U.S. this is not the case (Al Jamiat, nd). This is a classic example of what is the virtue in a certain cultural context is a misdemeanor in another’s. Saudis typify the Middle Eastern sense of community to share and help each other but this does not sit well in the west espec ially during exams. Also, there is a misdemeanor shared by almost all international students – that is their tendency to mug and mimic a teacher’s words in their academic works without proper citation. Middle East students, as well as Indians, believe that the more they take notes of what the teacher says, the higher their chance of getting good grades. Asians are more notorious in this aspect because culturally, they are very respectful of figureheads especially teachers that the non-use of their teacher’s words and language would constitute disrespect.

Pressure Ulcer Assessment and Management | Reflection

Pressure Ulcer Assessment and Management | Reflection Chitse Wheeler Albon Description The purpose of this reflection is to contemplate on the critical incident that brought to my attention regarding the pressure ulcer assessment and management of staffs in care home. Utilizing a critical incident as a way of reflecting involves the identification of comportment deemed to have been particularly subsidiary or unhelpful in a given situation (Hannigan, 2001). I am working in a nursing home in unit catering elderly mentally ill clients. We have 25 residents most of them suffers from dementia. One incident happen to a 90 year old male client with dementia who was double incontinent and has been bed bound due to recent fall that have resulted him to have a fractured hip. He had a history of hypertension and angina 4 years ago. Throughout this essay I will referred the client to Mr. X to protect his identity and maintain confidentiality abiding the guidelines set by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2014) I observed redness on the sacral area of Mr. X while doing personal care for him with another staff. According to European Pressure Ulcer Advisory ( EPUAP) guidelines, it was grade 1 pressure ulcer as there was intact skin with non-blanchable redness. He is more helpless against pressure damage, as his skin has ended up more delicate and more slender with age (NICE 2014). The nurse in charged was informed regarding our observation. She assessed the pressure area of Mr. X and told to staff that he needs to be assisted in changing his position every 2 hours and application of barrier cream during pad change. The next day, it was reported in the hand over that Mr. X developed a grade 2 pressure sores, a partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow ulcer open ulcer with a red pink wound. (EPUAP 2014). It also conveyed that the night staffs have not turn him for more than 8 hours and never completed the positional chart. The worst was Mr. C was the fourth resident with pressure ulcer in the unit. Feelings I felt confident because I have prior knowledge regarding pressure sore management and can share this to other care staff for better care for residents with pressure ulcers. However, I was shocked with what I heard in the handover and felt sorry for Mr X that in less than a day he incurs grade 2 bedsores. The effect of pressure ulcer to him and the amount of pain he was dealing. Pressure ulcers can result in clients limited functions, emotional anguish, and agony from pain. (Nelson et al 2009). According to Purshotaman (2013), pressures to bony areas in a 1 to 6 hour period can result to pressure ulcer and shear and friction also act as a synergy to acquire wound in clients who are malnourished, incontinent, bedridden or mentally disturbed. And within 24 hours or it take up to 5 days for pressure ulcer to develop. It was unacceptable that there are four residents who have pressure sore at the same time thus reflecting the quality of care rendered to clients. Pressure ulcer prevention involves an interdisciplinary approach to care. To achieve it, it requires coordination, organizational culture and operational practice that uphold teamwork and communication. Evaluation Pressure ulcers, otherwise called pressure or bed sore, are restricted areas of skin damage as a result of underlying destructed tissue brought on by excessive pressure stopping blood flow and bringing on an absence of oxygen and supplements to tissue cells. Eventually tissue cells die causing ulceration. The vital factors that leads to accumulation of pressure sore includes clients medical condition, medication, malnourishment, age, lack of fluid intakes or dehydration, incontinence, lack of mobility, skin condition and weight. The external influences that hasten its occurrence are pressure, shearing force, friction, moving and handling and moisture. There are several risk assessment tools available to use to determine the level of client having pressure ulcer which I have been familiar during my learning process. These scales are the Norton scale, Braden Scale and Waterlow scale. The most common scale adopted in my work place was the Waterlow scale. It includes additional factors such as age, nutritional status, skin type and disease especially those affecting circulation. The score should be determined during admission of the client, but it is an on-going process and must be carried out whenever a significant changes arise from clients condition ( L. Nazarko,2009). Even though the Waterlow scale identifies more risk factors than the other two assessment tools and widely used across the United Kingdom, it has still be criticised for its ability to over predict risk and ultimately result in the misuse of resource.( Edwards 1995; Mcgough, 1999). Most of the scales used have been develop based on opinions of the importance of possible risk. It might get different scores from nurses assessing the same clients (L. Nazarko, 2009). The predictability of these tools been challenged because it might over or under predict the risk of a person having pressure sore, gaining expensive cost of implications as preventive equipment is put into place that might not always be necessary.(Frank et al, 2003). Although the Waterlow scoring system includes more objective measurements like the Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and record of weight loss. It is still indefinite whether the reliability of the tool ratings has improved by these additions. It has been recognized that this is a fundamental defect of these tools and due to this clinical judgement must always support the conclusions made by the results. The aims of the Pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are to quantify and measure the risk of a person to have a pressure ulcer. To be able to determine the quality of the measurement, the evaluation of validity and reliability should always take place. However, the limitation of the validity and reliability of the pressure ulcer risk tools are generally recognized. According to EPUAP (2014), the solution to overcome these problems is to combine the scores of pressure ulcer risks tools with clinical judgement. In the studies of pressure ulcer tools, there have been few endeavours made to analyse, the diverse pressure ulcer risk assessment strategies. Pancorbo Hidalgo et al (2006) distinguished three studies, researching the Norton scale compared to clinical judgment and the effect on pressure ulcer frequency. From these studies, it was inferred that there was no confirmation, that the danger of pressure ulcer incidence was lessened by the utilization of the risk assessment tools. The Cochrane audit (2008), set out to focus, whether the utilization of pressure ulcer risk assessment, in all health care settings, reduced the frequency of pressure ulcers. As no studies met the criteria, the authors have been not able to answer the survey question. At present there is just feeble proof to support the legitimacy of pressure ulcer risk assessment scale tools and obtained scores contain fluctuating measures of estimation lapse. According to NICE (2014) guidelines, a client who is at risk having a pressure ulcer must be assessed within six hours of admission. However, Mr. X has been in the nursing home for years, his assessment should have been on-going as he was prone to develop it. During the assessment, a skin inspection must be completed on the most vulnerable areas the bony prominent part of the body like the sacrum, heels, elbows, shoulder, back of the head and toes and other parts of the body where shear or friction could take place. Pressure ulcers are assessed and graded according to the extent of damage of the tissue. The European and US National Pressure Ulcer Advisory panels (EPUAP and NPUAP) together with the Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliances (PPPIA) release the latest International Pressure Ulcer guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. It’s an evidence based recommendation for the prevention and treatment that can be used throughout the world in any health care settin g by health care professionals. Pressure sores are categories from stage I to IV depending on the tissue damage. Addition to these, are two other categories the unstageable pressure ulcers and suspected deep tissue injury (EPUAP-NPUAP-PPPIA International Pressure Ulcer Guidelines 2014) The assessment implement used throughout my area of work, is the Waterlow Scale.The utilization of the Waterlow implement enables, the nurse to assess each patient according to their individual risk of developing pressure sores (Pancorbo-Hidalgo et al 2006)The tool uses an amalgamation of core and external risk factors that contribute to the development of pressure ulcers.. Nutritional assessment and screening tools like getting the Body Mass Index (BMI) are also utilized in the home for managing patients who are at risk of or have a pressure ulcer. The EPUAP (2014) recommends that as a minimum, assessment of nutritional status should include regular weighing of patients, skin assessment, documentation of food and fluid intake. Even so there are policies and procedures in place for management and prevention of pressure ulcer there were still a prevalent occurrence of pressure sores in the unit. Analysis The staffs’ knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention and management plays a very vital role. However, the lack of health care staffs’ education and trainings; and documentation resulted to numbers of patients having pressure ulcers in the unit. All health care professionals must receive relevant training and education regarding pressure ulcer risk prevention and management (NICE 2014).The information, skills and knowledge, gained from these training sessions, should then be shared down to other members of the team and embedded to practice. And all health care staffs involved in the care of clients with pressure ulcer needs to be updated on policies, guidelines and the latest patient educational information according to NICE guidelines (2014). Effective communication between staffs in the care of Mr X could have played a major role to make his pressure sore healed quicker and not worsen. Pressure ulcer prevention and management is a collaborative effort. The nurses should have taken the lead and make sure that the information about the course of care actions towards pressure ulcer management of Mr X has been disseminated to all staffs during the shifts which can be done during the handover. The nurses as leaders of the unit must take other staffs to join on board towards the same direction on a certain goal of clients care. As a student nurse, I have previous knowledge and experience about the pressure sore care and management before but the NMC(2014) oblige that I, to be a registered nurse in the United Kingdom, need to take an appropriate action to update my knowledge and skills to maintain and develop competence to safe practice. To be able to be competent, I need to acquire risk assessment skills while putting in my NMC code of conduct. I was able to assess and observe the redness of the sacral area of Mr X and have reported it immediately to the nurse in charge. Through this positive action of care, the nurse has provided immediate nursing care to Mr. X. Conclusion There is a proof that demonstrates that pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are valuable and useful when utilized as an aide for the obtainment of equipment. Then again, they cant be depended upon solely to give a holistic care to clients. It has been highlighted, that to guarantee holistic assessment of clients, it is important to complete a combination of assessment to be able to create a complete picture client’s health. In spite of the fact that The Waterlow scale covers various variables that need to be considered all through the assessment process, it has become apparent that the â€Å"at risk† score, can frequently be over or under scored relying upon the health care practitioner’s clinical judgement. Clinical judgment has turned out to be, a vital part of pressure ulcer prevention and management. The education and effective communication of the patient, relatives, carers and nurses has likewise been highlighted, as a critical part of consideration. Enabl ing the patient with data in regards to their ailment, may diminish the mending time and prevents further concerns. Action Plan To prevent and minimize the number of pressure ulcer staffs must attend training regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management. They should be also familiarizing with the policies and procedures when pressure ulcer is noticed so that if the same experience occurs in the future they familiarize the actions to be follow. In addition, health care staffs must be mindful that communication, teamwork, support and supervision have a big role to improve the quality of care of pressure ulcer management. Reporting, Supervision system and empowering staffs to confidently complete forms like positional charts, food and fluid charts and body map can be effective and a good way to improve communication between staff and for continuity of care of clients As a catalyst of change, I should be a role model to other staffs by abiding with the standard of care rendered with clients and promote their best interest by educating my colleagues and having effective communication between staffs and clients. However, not all staffs are willing for change. Change takes time but as long as there is a continuous education and system of good practice in place and staffs can see the results and benefits for clients, others and for themselves, more or less change can happen. Referrence: Nazarko, L. and Nazarko, L. (2002). Nursing in care homes. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance.(2014) Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Quick Reference Guide. Emily Haesler (Ed.). Cambridge Media: Perth, Australia;. Nice.org.uk, (2014). Pressure ulcers: prevention and management of pressure ulcers | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. [online] Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg179 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Nice.org.uk, (2014). Pressure ulcers: prevention and management of pressure ulcers | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. [online] Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg179 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Bryant, R. and Nix, D. (2012). Acute chronic wounds. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby. Pancorbo Hidalgo et al (2006) McCabe, C., Timmins, F. and Campling, J. (2006). Communication skills for nursing practice. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. (Hannigan, 2001). E. Purshotaman.(2013) 2013 International Conference on Biological, Medical and Chemical Engineering (BMCE2013. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: DEStech Publications, Inc E. Purshotaman Anon, (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/long-term-care/resources/pressure-ulcers/pressureulcertoolkit/putoolkit.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Nazarko, L. (2009). Nursing in Care Homes. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons.

Kate Chopins The Awakening and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay

Kate Chopin's work, The Awakening, and Henrik Ibsen's play, A Doll's House, were composed at a time when men dictated women in every part of life. They are both superior examples of literary works greatly ahead of their time. Each work exemplifies the strict social standards placed on women and how they destructively affected the women. They also demonstrate how the women were able to overcome over these social ethics and get towards a life of vaster fulfillment. The characters in The Awakening and A Doll's House were very similar. In addition, the trials that they faced were also very similar. Both of the female characters are confronted with the fact that they have an authoritarian for a husband, and create an exit scheme to leave them. For Nora this includes deserting her family and running away, while Edna makes the choice that Nora could not do and commits suicide. Nora and Edna also harbor a secret that ultimately leads to their choice to leave their families. In addition, bot h writings also seem to have similar themes. They both explore the idea of freedom and discovering one’s own identity. Furthermore, they show how a woman in late 1800s often had no freedom from what society anticipated of them. As an outcome, the only way they could find their own identity was by leaving these social standards inflicted by their family life. Ibsen and Chopin appear to purposely present their main characters in this way and use their gifts for writing to foretell a transformation in society that needs to and will eventually occur. There are many similarities between the two: each protagonist seems happy about their marriage in the beginning, controlled by their husband, has a secret, and eventually realizes they are someone. Edna Pon... ...vald, she tells him, â€Å"I don’t believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, just as you are—or, at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that most people would think you right, and that views of that kind are to be found in books; but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them.† (Ibsen 112) Therefore, in the end both Edna and Nora left in dramatic ways, one leaving a life and the other leaving a family. Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House. Coradella Collegiate Books, 11 Oct. 2004. PDF. Chopin, Kate, McMichael, George L., J. S. Leonard, and Shelley Fisher. Fishkin. The Awakening. Anthology of American Literature. Tenth ed. Vol. II. Boston: Longman, 2011. 697-786. Print.

Difficult Relationships Between Adults And Children Essay

In many of the stories, the writers describe difficult relationships between adults and children. Compare the relationships that the writers present to the reader in two stories and explore the ways the relationships between the adults and children change as the stories develop. In this essay, I will be exploring the relationships between adults and children in â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"Your Shoes†. It seems to me that both stories have children and adults that are in similar positions. The content and style of the stories are similar in some ways and different in other ways. For example, the main problem in both stories is the daughter leaving home for the first time. Another example of a difference is â€Å"Flight† is written in third-person whereas â€Å"Your Shoes† is not. â€Å"Your Shoes† is a story told from the perspective of a mother who has suffered a great loss, as her daughter has run away. She seems to be forced to realise that she is very upset with aspects of her life. The mother is writing a letter to her daughter describing all the unhappy things that have happened to her. For example, her childhood and details of her marriage. All this seems to stem from the fact that her mother has recently died. â€Å"Flight† is a story about leaving home and becoming independent. The story tells of an old man who keeps birds and seems to be very protective of his last granddaughter. He has seen his other granddaughters leave home, marry, and grow up. He seems to be slightly jealous of Steven who is Alice’s boyfriend. In the story, the birds seem to symbolise the granddaughter. This also could be interpreted as the birds symbolising how the grandfather would like the granddaughter to be like. In the end, the grandfather lets the granddaughter go and this is symbolised in the release of his favourite pigeon. It seems to me that the relationship in â€Å"Flight† between Alice and her grandfather is quite close. I think this because both seem to have a mutual understanding of each other. One example of this would be Steven giving a pigeon to the grandfather. I think this is the case, as I don’t think Steven would have given a bird to the granddad on his own accord. Therefore, this would mean Alice thoughtfully made Steven give the bird to show the granddad that he could look after the bird instead of her. â€Å"Your shoes† is quite different. The author of â€Å"Your shoes† has developed the mothers character in such a way the reader can get a real good insight in what the mother is thinking. This gives us much more detail then anything we got from the Grandfather in â€Å"Flight†. The mother seems to the reader frustrated that people don’t act in the â€Å"proper† way. In the end the mother is left holding her daughters shoes as if they were her substitute. This is quite an extreme from the reaction the grandfather took as he was able to let her daughter take â€Å"flight†. During both stories, the relationships between the adults and the children all seem to mature for better or worse. In â€Å"flight† the relationship between Alice and her Granddad all changes when Steven presents a pigeon to the granddad. The Granddad seems get a revelation and changes his view on the relationship between Steven and Alice. He accepts the fact that his little granddaughter has grown up. This is symbolised in him releasing his favourite pigeon. In â€Å"Your Shoes† we can not see the relationship at first hand but from the detailed insights from the mother we can assume a lot of things. I think that the relationship between mother and daughter was never very strong. Firstly, the daughter who was very fond of her grandmother had died. The mother detested her own mother and we assume that it must have hurt that her daughter preferred her Grandmother to herself. Then finally the daughter running away seems to symbolise there whole relationship. This is quite somewhat different from â€Å"Flight† as mother in â€Å"Your Shoes† seems to go mad, in the end sucking on her daughters shoelaces. In conclusion, both stories seem to have similar relationships at the starting of the story as the children want to grow up. Then both relationships shoot off in different directions, as the mother in â€Å"Your shoes† was unable to let go while the Grandfather in â€Å"Flight† let his granddaughter free.

Essay on Improving the Quality of Education - 1256 Words

Improving the Quality of Education The traditional school calendar is nine months in school and three months out. It was put into place when we were an agrarian society and the whole family was needed to work in the fields and to harvest the crops. Children were an important part of the family farm, and this took precedence over a formal education. Now that our society is no longer agrarian, and has not been so for more than a hundred and thirty years, it may be time for a change. We have heard how the United States ranks in comparison to other post-industrial countries in regards to education. One idea that has proven to be successful in improving the education level of students is â€Å"year round schooling†. Year round schooling†¦show more content†¦The implementation of year round schooling has met with opposition in some areas because of the lack of understanding and availability of information. One of the first misconceptions is that teachers and students would be attending school for the whole year without a break. It has also been said that moving to year round school would cause a breakdown of family relationships and traditions. In addition, the loss of the summer vacation would disrupt normal childhood growth and development. Some groups have argued that with the reduction in the number of summer vacationers, the economy of seasonal communities would be adversely affected. Also, with less high school age students available to work, a shortage of available staff for needed summer positions would leave jobs unfilled. The change to year round school would take some adjustments by all groups. The teachers, students, and their family members would have to adjust to having multiple vacations that were spread out over the entire year. 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